May 25, 2021
Adrenal health: high and low cortisol - symptoms and problems associated – Dr. Jason Jones Elizabeth City NC, Chiropractor
Adrenal glands are one of the vital structures that contributes to overall health. This triangular-shaped gland is located on top of each kidney and it consists of two parts – the outer region (adrenal cortex) and inner region (adrenal medulla).
The adrenal cortex produces glucocorticoids (i.e., cortisol), which is a hormone that has important effects on the heart, metabolism, blood pressure, immunity, bone, and nervous system.
Cortisol levels vary in the blood throughout the day, but generally high when you wake up in the morning and fall throughout the day. However, if you work at night, the reverse is the case. So cortisol production is linked to your daily activity pattern.
Both cortisol deficiency and its overproduction have a significant effect on the body, which we are going to talk about in this article.
Low cortisol levels
Cortisol controls how much sugar and fat your body stores, and how much is released for fuel. Also, cortisol is regarded as your body’s main stress hormone.
Your adrenal glands release a burst of cortisol when you’re stressed, and this is intended to help you cope. Your blood sugar level is also increased for a boost of energy.
Low cortisol levels are a form of adrenal insufficiency- meaning the adrenal glands are not producing enough cortisol. This adrenal insufficiency can be broken down into three categories, including:
Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease)
This is usually caused by immune system malfunctions that launch an attack on the adrenal glands, impairing their cortisol-producing ability. This leads to low cortisol levels.
This primary adrenal insufficiency can also be caused by cancerous cells, genetic disorders, surgical removal of adrenal glands, or certain antifungal medications.
Some common symptoms associated with primary adrenal insufficiency include:
- Weight loss
- Extreme fatigue
- Decreased appetite
- Depression
- Darkening of the skin
- Nausea
Secondary adrenal insufficiency
This happens when the pituitary gland produces a lower amount of ACTH (the hormone that triggers the adrenal gland to produce cortisol). This leads to low cortisol levels.
Some common symptoms include hyperpigmentation, blood pressure issues, dehydration, and low blood sugar.
Tertiary adrenal insufficiency
This adrenal insufficiency shows up when the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is inhibited. This suppresses ACTH levels and leads to low cortisol levels.
This condition can occur after you stop using corticosteroids to treat chronic conditions. That’s why you need to consult your doctor if you are taking corticosteroids and need to make changes to the treatment schedule.
High cortisol levels
Too much cortisol in the body can cause what is called “Cushing’s disease”. Many factors, including stress, pituitary tumors, and medication like steroids can contribute to the development of this disease.
Common symptoms associated with high cortisol levels include:
- High blood pressure
- A round, flushed face
- Changes in skin, including purple stretch marks and bruises
- Increased urination
- Weakened muscles
- Osteoporosis
- Mood swings, depression, anxiety, or irritability.
If you notice any of the symptoms associated with low cortisol levels and high cortisol levels, it is important to see your doctor (endocrinologist) for a blood test.
You can also consult Dr. Jason Jones at our Chiropractic office to learn about natural ways to support your adrenal health and the production of cortisol in your body.